Process of paper manufacturing



E. H. BUTTERFIELD ET AL PROCESS 0F PAPER MANUFACTURING Jan. s, 1,924. 1,479,786

A I Jnvenbn #anun Jan. 8, 1924. 1,479,786

E. H. BUTTERFIELD ET AL PROCESS oF PAPER MANUFACTURING Filed May 12, 1919 10 Sheets-Sheet 2 Jiu/anion E. H. BUTTERFIELD ET AL :PROCESS OF PAPER MANUFACTURING 10 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed May l2, 1919 Jan 8? Sca.:

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E. H. BUTTERFHELD ET AL;

PROCESS OF PAPER MANUFACTURING 10 Sheets-Sheet 4:

Filed May 12, 1919 Jan. 8, 1924. 1,479,786

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PROCESS OF' PAPER MANUFACTURING FiledMay 12, 1919 1.0 hsfaew-Sheet '7 E. H. BUTTERHELD ET AL PROCESS 0F PAPER MANUFACTURING Filed May 12 1919 Sheets-Sheet 9 Shuman-r..

Jano 8 E. H. BUTTERFIELDET AL PRooEss oF PAPER MANUFACTURING Filed May 142, 1919l 1o sheets-sheet 10 Patented 8, 1924.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

EDWARD H. BUTTERFILD AND FERDINAND D. OTTERBEIN, OF MIDDLETOWN, OHIO,

ASSIGNORS TO TOM HARVEY,

Jn., or' MIDDLETOWN, oHIo.

' raocnss'or PAPER MANUFACTURING.

Application led May 12,

To all whom it mag/'camera Be it known that we, EDWARD H. BUTTER- FIELD and FERDINANDD. O'rrERBEIN, citizens of the United States, residing at Middle- 6 town," in the county of Butler and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processes of Paper Manufacturing, of which the following is a specifica'tion, reference being had therein to the 10 accompanying drawing.

This invention, relates to an improved process of paper manufacturing and has for its particular object to provide a new process for automatically regulating lthe weight or thickness of the paper web and controlling` the same from lthe formation of the web at the wet end of themachine and indicating and recording the variations' therein as it passes over the drying and finishing rollers ofthe machine.

` Heretofore the practice has been to require the machine attendant or foreman in charge to make frequent tests of the paper by uncturing the web and measurin the thickness thereof as it travels over the o ing and finishing rollers to determine whether the web was running to required dimensions. This method, for obvious reasons, is far from satisfactory. The measurements a0 are not made with any assured regularity or accuracy and are generally not 'acceptable to operators or customers as conclusive proof of the uniformity of the paper stock.' Besides the practice of puncturing the Paperweb is 85 generally more or less objectionable as it leads to inconvenience Aand waste inthe use that is subse uently made of the paper.

The (former method of measuring the paper is Yfurther unsatisfactory in that the 'ofa paperformlng machine having an im- 40 paper is not always of uniform thickness throughout',4 its widthi The web may run heavy on one edge and light on the other and such conditions are not readily discovered by the method of examination referred Thus, it' will be apparent that under the old methods of operation uniformity4 of weight of the paper sheet was entirely dependent, tirst, upon a human element as to '5o the frequency and accuracy iin which measurements would be made, and, secondly, upqn a crde'f'and at best haphazard method of taking measurements. This failure of having means for positively and accurately con- 1819. Serial No. 296,688.

trolling the weight of the paper as it is de iveloped on the orming machine and therefore no authoritative record of the limits -in thickness maintained in 'any given lot of p aper has been the cause of endless conten-` tlons between manufacturers and consumers involving claims'and 'counter claims for adjustments.

It is the purpose of the present invention, therefore, to overcome these diiiculties by the use of an improved rocess of 'paper '05 manufacturing, whereby the weight-i: th paper as it is formed and delivered overthe machlne will be automaticall rel ated and the thickness of theweb malntamed within the l1m1ts allowed by the specifications with- 70 out intervention of any human element. It 1s a further object of our invention to cause a record, in the form of a aphic chart, to b e made in connection wit the improved process of control which will be indisputable evidence as to the thickness ofthe paper throughout the length and breadth of the sheet.

The mechanical devices in one form, by means o f which our improved process may be applled, form the subject Amatter for a companion application for Letters Patent filed May 12, 1919, Serial No.4 296,687, and are herevshown in the accompanying drawingsV for illustration purposes. It will be understood that the resent invention is not llmited in the application thereof to any s ecific form of mechanism, but may be appied in combination with any1 mechanical devices suitable to the purposes of the in- I vention.

Referring to the accompanying drawings: Fig. 1 1s a detailed side elevation of a part proved metering instrument of the type dis` 95 closed in our copendin application referred to applied thereto and illustrating the application in one form of a feature of our 1mproved process;

.l Fig. 2 is a front elevation of the arrangeloo ment shown iii Fig'. 1;. Fig. 3 is a front elevation of a meterin instrument ofthe t pe shown in Figs. 1 an 2 and a further il ustration of its application in connection with our yimproved process.

Fi ..4 is an illustrative outline view of suita le mechanism in one form, whereby in connection with the process the metering instrument maybe employed to automatically .regulate the thickness of the v,paper as it passes over the machine `by automatically regulating the supply of raw material thereto; v

Fi is an illustrative outline view of suita le mechanism in another form,

wherebythe metering instrument used in connection with the process may be employed to regulate the thickness of the paper by automatically regulating the speed of the paper forming machine;

Fig. 6 is a front elevation of the metering instrument as applied in the process having connections whereby the instrument will be automatically regulated to move transversely across the face of the paper;

Figs. 7 and 8 are illustrative diagrammatic views of an arrangement of electrical wiring whereby the purposes of the invention may be realized with any suitable form of apparatus;

Figs. 9 and 10 are vertical cross sectional views respectively of different portions of the metering instrument;

Fig. 11 is a detail view in cross section of the pulp supply tank; and

Fig. 12 is an illustrative graphic chart in one form such as may be used to make a record ofthe variations in the thickness of the paper produced under our process.

1n its preferred form the improved process may be a plied and the purposes of the invention rea ized on the or inary type of paper forming machine. As here shown the process consists in delivering the raw paper stock from a supply box 1, best shown in Figs. 4 and 11 of the drawings, to the forming roller 7a at the wet end of the machine. The supply box for the raw material may `be of any suitable construction, the

particular construction shown being for the purposes of illustration only. As here shown the box is divided into compartments 3, 4 and 5, the raw material being delivered to compartment 3 from any suitable source,"

such as a stud chest, not shown, which is common to all well known processes of paper manufacturing.

From the com artment 3 the amount of material require for the machine is discharged through a gate or slide valvel 6 into the space`4of the box; the surplus over- Howing intovcompartment 5 is returned to the stud chest through a pipe 7. The material required 'forthe machine is delivered through a pipe 6 to a tank 6b and from the tank 1s supplied to cylinder molds 7a and through the usual successive steps of web formation at the wet end of the machine to the rst series of drying cylinders 8 where arli important step o the new process takes ace. At this point the newly formed paper variation movements navate@ sheet is caused to come in contact with a measuring device 9 of a metering instrument which consists essentially of indicators 10 and 11, (seen more clearly in Figure 2) each having a dial 12 and hands or pointers 1 indicate on the dials the variations in thickness of the paper web.

As shown in Fig. 3 of the drawings, a diderential signalling device may also be employed in the process in connection with the metering instrument. As here shown the signals consist of electric lights in different colors and arranged in a group. The light 15 is preferably a white light and serves to `indicate when the light is on that the paper web is running normal, i. e., at the mean dimension in thickness under the measuring dev. i 9; the light 16 is preferably a red light and serves to indicate when the red signal is on that the paper is running heavier than normal but within the allowed plus limits of variations; the light 17 is preferably a blue light and serves to indicate when in operation that the paper is running lighter than normal but within 'the allowed minus limits of variations.

Contact points 18, 19 and 20 (see Figures 1, 4, 7\ and 8) may be disposed in any suitable manner between the pointer 13 and the signal lights, whereby the variable movements of the pointer will act to cause operation of the lights accordingly as the paper may vary in thickness. ln event that the paper runs outside the allowed limits in thickness either plus or minus all of the lights will be out. rlhus the attendant of thev machine may be constantly informed by observation of the signal lights how the paper is running as to weight or thickness.

A further important step in the process is provided for in connection with the metering instrument. As above stated, it is of great'importance to produce in connection with the process of manufacturing an indisputable record showing the variations in thickness of the paper sheet throughout the length and breadth thereof.

(To this end there is combined with the metering instrument means controlled essentially by the measuring device 9, whereby a` record, preferably in the form of a graphic chart, will be delineated by the v thereof. Ashere shown (see Fig. 10) such' an instrument may consist in one form of a cylindrical casing .21 having rotatably supported thereinv a cylindrical support 22 for a graphic chart of the character described and shown e within the casing in any suitable manner and preferabl actuated by a suitable clock movement wit in-the cylinder. The recording instrument may consist of a suspended carriage 23 and contact member 23a supported upon guides 24 and operable longitudinally of the 'chartv in the upward direction by a cable 25 connected in anysuitable manner to the measuring device 9.

, As shown in Fig. 12 the .chart is, divided longitudinally, its greater -length extending circumferentially around the cylinder, by light lines which represent variations of one-thousandth of an inch in the movement of the measuring device 9 and therefore in the thickness of the vpaper passing thereunder. Theheavy longitudinal lines represent variations of five-thousandths and are provided for convenient reading of the chart. The heavy transverse lines represent hours of time and the light transverse liliesl fractions of hours; these divisions of time being.' made to agree -with' the clock` movement by means of `which the chart is rotatablyl actuated. g

Thus it will be seen thata graphic chart of the character here shown may be produced in connection with our improved process which will show the exact variations in the thickness of the paper for the entire quantity run on any' job or lot from which the record is made, and also that the record will show during what hours variations in the thickness were developed; this latter information being of primary importance in maintaining standards of eiciency in the work of attendants.

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A further step in the process consists in causing the measurements of the metering instrument to be a plied to substantially the entire length an breadth of the paper. One form of practical means for accomplishing this is illustrated in'Fig. 3 of the drawings wherein the metering device is shown supported in ,guides or frames 26 and 27 secured to-the main frames of the machine, and operable transversely of the paper by means of a screw shaft 28 which may be. connected to the instrument in any suitable manner.

One of the main purposesl of the improved process is to make the control of the means for regulating the weight of the paper as it is" formed on the machine entirely automatic vso that the human element and the methods of measuring heretofore emplo ed relative to this important detail of pro uc- .tion will be entirely eliminated. To this end any suitablev form vof controlling mechanism may, be employed in connection 'with the gate or slide valve 6 leading to the supply tank 4 (see Fig. 4) and controlled through the electrical contacts 19 and 20 by the movements ofthe measuring device 9. As b est shown in Figs. 4 and 11 of the drawings, such an arrangement in one practical form may consist of an interpolar motor 29 in circuit with the contacts 19 and 20 and any ysuitable source of electrical current, and operably connected to the Avalve by a suitable construction, Isuch as here shown, consisting of the gears 30 and 31, shaft 32 and screw shaft 33 connected to the gate member 34 of the valve.

In Figure 7 is shown the indicating mechanism previously described. To one lead of the main line is connected one terminal of the lamps 15, 16, 17. To the other lead of the main line is connected a pointer of the indicating mechanism. The lamps are each connected in series with the contact points 18, 19 and 20 upon which a portion of the pointer mechanism is adapted to bean* 18, 19 and 20 are shown diagrammatically insulated from each other. When the pointer is in the position indicated in Figure 7 the circuit is completed through one lead by the lamp 15, contact point 18 through the pointer and back to the main lead circuit. Should the pointer be in position for paper .slightly under or over lthickness then the circuit is completed either through lamp 16,

lcontact point 19 and the pointer, or through lamp 17, contact point 20 and the pointcr. Should the paper be over or under the desired maximum or minimum thickness, the pointer will not be in contact with any of the contact 'points 18, 19, 20 and none of the l lamps will, be lighted.

Thus when the paper web is running normall under the measuring device the pointer 13 (see Figs. -1 and 7) will register with the contact 18 which is not in circuit with the motor; the motor therefore will be at rest and the valve normally open. When the paper is running heavier than normal 'the' pomter will register'withv the contact 19 and the motor circuit will be closed and the motor will operate to partially close the valve, thereby reducing the supply of material delivered to the machine and, the machine running at normal speed,the thickness of the paper will be accordingly reduced. When the paper runs lighter than normal the circuit will be closed through the contact 20 and the motor will be operated to Yopen,the valve to a greater extent,

thus acting to increase the supply of material to the press and resulting ina corresponding increase inthe thickness of the paper. 4 further means of automatic control in connection. with which the present invention may be applied consists in any suitable` gine or other power device whereby the paper forming machinery is operated. As shown in Fig. 5 such an arrangement may consist in one form of differential gearing of any suitable construction interposed between the engine o r motive power and the 'machine and controlled by a motor in the same manner as described. In the practical application of such an arrangement thel motor stands at rest when the paper is running normal and is actuated to regulate the governor of the engine by which thepaper forming machine is operated to increase the speed of the engine when the paper runs above normal, and to decrease the speed when the paper runs below normal; it being -understood that the supply of raw material to the machine remains constant at normal and, therefore, that the required regulation is effected entirely by the variable speed of the machine.

A further feature of our improved process consists in causing the newly formed paper web to come in contact with two of the metering instruments, Fig. 5, one located relative to one of the drying rollersimmediately adjacent the wet end of the machine and the other .relative to one of the 'finishing rollers at the dry end of the machine.v Under certain conditions it may also beof advantage to use one or more of the instruments intermediate these points.

The instrument at the wet end ofthe machine under the process will serve to determine the thickness of the paper and also control the limits of variation allowed in the specification by one or the other of the two arrangements described for automatic control of this essential dimension of vthe paper,i. e., by regulating the speed of the machine or the supply of raw material thereto. The process at this point preferably includes the use of the signals and the making of a graphic record in the manner and of the character described. y

The process at the dry end of the machine consists in applying an instrument to the paper substantially in the same manner as at the wet end of the machine, except that the automatic means of control are not required.

- Thus t ments in connectlon a denite relatlon 1n the process may be maintained between thev different steps of forming, ,drying and to evolve and make-practical application of a process of the character described," and we wish to claim the elements of the invention broadly therefore as defined and comprehended in the accompanying claims.

by employing two or more' instruneaegee Having thus fully described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:--

1.y rlhe herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the wet end of the machine in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of redetermined thickness, in causing the we so formed to come in contact with a metering instrument to actuate the same to produce indications to make a record of the mean thickness of the paper showing the plus and minus variations therefrom and to cause automatic regulation of its thickness. p v

2. The herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the wet end of the machine in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of predetermined thickness, in causin the web so formed to come in contact wit a vmetering instrument to actuate the same to produce a graphic record of the mean thickness of the paper and showing the lus and minus variations therefrom durlng the interval of time in which the .paper was made.

3. The herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the wet end of the machine in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of predetermined thickness, in causin the web so formed to come in Contact wit a metering instrument to actuate the same to roduce a aphic record of the thickness of t e paper trroughout the length and breadth thereof, and a signal agreeing therewith.

4r., The herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the wet end of the machine in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of predetermined thickness, in causin the web so formed to come in contact wit a metering instrument to actuate the same to'cause operation of a plurality of differential signals to indicate the mean thickness of the paper and the plus and minus variations therefrom upon the same machine.

5. rl`he herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material'to the Wet end of the machine in substantially the lquantity required to form a paperV web of predetermined thickness, in causing the web so formed to come in contact with` a metering instrument to actuate the same to cause operation of a plurality of signal lights in different colors to indicate the mean thickness of the paper and the'plus and minus variations therefrom.

6. The herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the wet end of the machine roo in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of predetermined thickness, in causing the web so formed -to come in contact with a inetering instrument to actuate the same to cause operation of a plurality of differential colored signals to indicate the plus and minus variations from the mean thickness of thepaper.

7. The herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the Wet end 'of the machine in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of. predetermined thickness, in causin in Contact Wit a `metering instrument to actuate the same to cause automatic regulation of the thickness of the paper and to produce an indication and a signal relative tereto and to make a graphic record therec Y 8. The herein described process of paper manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the wet end of the machine in substantially the quantity required to the Web so formed to come form a paper web of predetermined thickness, in causing the web so formed to come -in contact with a plurality of meteringin- 9. The herein described process of paper' manufacturing consisting in delivering the raw material to the Wet end of the machine in substantially the quantity required to form a paper web of predetermined thickness, in causing the web so formed to come in contact with a plurality of meterinv instruments to actuate the same, Wherey a plurality of signal lights in different colors will indicate the relative thickness of the paper web at the Wet and dry ends of the machine.

In testimony whereof, We aliix our signatures.

EDWARD u. BUrrsRrIELD. rremiunn) n. orriinEIN 

